THE CONSTITUTION FORUMS ORGANIZED NATIONWIDE
Taking up the headquarters’ appeal, several branches of the JSA continue to organize forums for comprehensive discussion on the Japanese Constitution.
On 17 September 2005, the Kanagawa branch held the first forum on Article 9 of the Constitution, where Dr. Kawai (chair, the JSA research committee of peace problems, oceanology) as an invited speaker gave a lecture “What will the US-lead revision of the Constitution bring? – Being apprehensive of ‘the Japan-US-UK alliance’”. His speech is summarized as follows: To dominate the world, due to the Joint Vision 2010, the US intends to prepare for overwhelming military forces and joint war-fighting with allies and settle nuclear weapons as the core of national security. In those lines programmed are to strengthen strategies against Japan and reform military bases in Japan. The US, due to the so-called Armitage Report published in 2000, demands Japan to approve the use of the right to collective self-defense, boost revising the Constitution, change its policy from division of responsibility to division of power, arm itself with nuclear weapons and bedevil the Constitution to build the Japan-US-UK alliance. But, turning our eyes to the world, we have now 27 unarmed states of single pacifism that totally possess 19 million populations. The spirit of the Japanese Constitution is stating that every human kind has right to live peacefully. Should use Japanese annual military expenditures, 500 million yens, we could save all poorest people in the world. The conception of constitution revision of the Liberal Democratic Party puts common welfare into public interests and order and is a retreat from constitutionalism. The Constitution established after the atomic bombing has great significance in human history, negation of it would highly cost humanity.
On 2 November, 2005, the Tokushima branch held a symposium “How do you think about peace, international cooperation and the Japanese Constitution?”, where 70 participants including college teachers, students and employees in private corporations attended. Prof. Aso (Naruto Univ. Ed.) pointed out that the governing parties had never considered the Japanese international cooperation as positive actions for peace keeping such as refugee assistant and medical care without the Japan Self-Defense Forces (SDF), which is based on the Constitution. Prof. Aiba (Tokushima Univ.), form his standpoint of international politics, lectured about the actual situation and issues on the abroad dispatch of SDF, stressing in the international cooperation the collaboration of NGO and military forces should be needed in tough regions as seen in the limit conditions that occurred in Rwanda, 1994. He pointed out that discussion on revision of the Constitution would face the selection of whether we play an international role with or without military actions provided the consent that the both cases have demerits.
On 20 November 2005, the Saitama branch held a civic lecture “Mr. Yasuda speaks about the Iraq Wars and the Japanese Constitution”. On the day of April 2004 when Mr. Yasuda was arrested, what did Iraqi people think of Japanese? The Japanese government expressed assistance for the US immediately after the beginning of the Iraq war. From then Japan further to the US and the UK was regarded as an intruder. According to international laws the logistic support and wartime reconstruction that Japan conducted are nothing other than acts of war. Mr. Yasuda said that the arrest in April 2004 was surely caused by the dispatch of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces (SDF). Article 9 of the Constitution prohibits the possession of war potential, the SDF obviously violates the Constitution. Japan has been taking obscure reinterpretation of the Constitution. That paradoxically, hitherto, has barely restrained the SDF to act as military forces, and the abroad dispatch was decided as an exception in legislative progressives. The amendment that the Liberal Democratic Party now prepares threats to extend further violation of the Constitution. When he was arrested, the Government developed the theory of “self-responsibility for individuals”, which should be strongly criticized that it ascribes the state’s responsibility to individual’s one, though he has assumed “self-responsibility” in acting in the dangerous area. He also pointed out that the Government’s accusation to his family scared his family, and leads to negation of individuals and the human rights. We must have recognition that the US, the UK, Japan and other countries conducting the war themselves are the arena of warfare.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOGICAL FUTURE DISCUSSED IN THE ASSOCIATION
The governmental board for the tomorrow’s science and technological policy is to design the 3rd science and technological basic plan for the fiscal year 2006 to 2010. The basic plan started from 1996 has made an investment in the nation’s research and development, e.g. 1st plan: $176 billion (1996-2000) and 2nd plan: $210 billion (2001-2005). Especially, in the 2nd plan, the government advised the competitive environment and industry-government-university cooperation system for research and development, in which the government specially invested in the four research field (nanotechnology, bio-technology, material and information). However, the economic circle criticized the governmental investments, saying that increasing budget has not effectively stimulated the research and technological innovation activity, and a huge scientific and technological gap between Japan and the US has increases, which could not compete with EU, US and China for a huge science and technological investments.
Therefore the 3rd plan is to visualize 1) strategic emphasis on a special subject, and 2) nation’s important and basic technology, indicating that (big) basic research in addition to applied research might be covered. The governmental investment focuses to the most important fields among the past researches, which will be opened to the public by March (2006). Although the government says that the most important strategy for reforming the science and technological system is to create human resources, they do not care any thinking of how young scientific workers must be cultivated on the basis of their free and variable imaginations. They just think of how the young ought to be organized into the competitive research system by providing much fund to them. Although the government asks all scientific workers to make clear their accountability, any discussion for “shadow part” of science and technological development is not necessarily made, meaning that the 3rd plan extremely goes back comparing the 2nd one. In addition, the most important point in the plan, which we have to carefully watch, may be an aim at giving huge money to a so-called “safety guaranteeing research” such as the protection against international terrorism and mass-destruction arms distribution. The governmental aim at stimulating arms’ developmental research must be blocked at the present time and for future.
In order to present comments to the 3rd science and technological basic plan having been discussed in the governmental science and technological board, the organizing committee consisting of the JSA and related organizations held the above symposium entitled “How can we cultivate human resources in every working place?” on October 15 in Tokyo, where Dr. Soma (head of the male-female cooperative participation raison conference) gave a commemorative lecture on the theme, and especially discussed the present stance of the male-female cooperative participation in working places, which was followed by a number of reports and discussions from the floor. They exchanged their views to be considered in the coming plan.
NATIONWIDE GATHERINGS
A number of gatherings are held by the JSA alone or in cooperation with other friendly organizations
1) SYMPOSIUM “THE 28th NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ATOMIC POWER PLANT” HELD
The symposium titled “Atomic power generation at the turning point and forty years of Ishikawa Prefecture” was held on September 10-11, 2005, at Kanazawa City, with 100 participants. Dr. Iida (Ishikawa branch) presented the keynote report. He said that the local residents’ movement against atomic power plant (APP) has limited the construction of APP at Shiga to two plants. The development of Noto area for APP and the construction of Suzu plant were stopped. The local administration placated and putted pressure on the movement. The movement was important for protection of the right to live and establishment of democracy. He also pointed out that the national policy on APP should be revised thoroughly under the condition of the active earthquake period, the liberalization of electric power and attack on APP.
The symposium had three sessions titled “Earthquake and APP”, ”APP in the turning point” and “New problems and viewpoints on APP”. Chyuetu earthquake occurred in the region where no earthquake has been predicted. The seismic intensity of Hyogo-nambu earthquake was beyond prediction. The operation of Onagawa APP stopped at Miyagioki earthquake. In this area the occurrence of large earthquake and tsunami has been predicted. Necessity of reexamination of earthquake-proof strength of APP in the active earthquake period was pointed out. In the second session the standpoint of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Atomic Energy Commission where it promotes the nuclear power, which includes the nuclear fuel cycle as basic power source, was criticized. The reexamination of the status of atomic energy in the energy policy and the safety measures was proposed. The national atomic energy policy aimed the export of APP, long life APP and introduction of new type APP after twenty years. The frequent breakdown of No.1 reactor of Shiga APP and No2.reactor’s operation in 2005 spring was reported. The release of information on the atomic energy facilities and human rights are restricted all the more in the enforcement of the energy laws.
2) “2005 JAPAN PEACE CONFERENCE IN KANAGAWA” HELD
The peace conference was held in Kanagawa Prefecture on November 24-27. On November 24 an international symposium was held at Yokohama with four oversea representatives; Ziu Mian (U.S.A.), Luis Angel Saavedra (Ecuador), Robin Susan Taubenfeld (Australia), Yu Hong (Republic of Korea). The panel discussion was performed by those representatives and Mr. Niihara (intl. issues study). The opening conference was held on November 25. In the conference the head of local governments who are against U.S. military bases gave an address and introduced movements against U.S. bases. The field investigation of U.S. bases in Kanagawa Prefecture was performed on November 26. On the same day the meeting “Stop relocating the 1st corps headquarters of U.S. army to Zama base” was held near Zama base with eleven thousands participants. JSA acted as one of conveners of 8th session held on November 27. Dr. Kawai (The research committee of peace problems of JSA) introduced the U.S. scenario toward Japan and the investigation on maritime navy bases in Okinawa. Mr. Konno reported that the movement against a homeport of Yokosuka base for a nuclear aircraft carrier and the danger of the nuclear aircraft carrier. He pointed out that the metropolitan area would suffer deadly damage at reactor accidents.
ACTIVITIES OF RESEARCH COMMITTEES AND GROUPS
The JSA headquarters organize a number of research committees and groups undertaken
on a nationwide scale, which are encouraging the members across th country
1) BIOETHICAL DISCUSSION CONTINUED
The research committee of bioethics has continued its activity since the establishment in May of 2000, in which the committee has published many comments to the official publications released from the related governmental divisions for the advanced medical care technologies. A number of so-called bio-businesses utilizing gene-analysis and “regenerative” medicine have grown, resulting in a matter of concern about the commercialization of life. The committee has therefore discussed: 1) to construct the ground theory for life against the market superimacism, 2) to study medical care basing on economic studies, 3) to tackle with the clinically ethical problems occurred at the medical care front (immoderate force of autonomy to the patients vs. the patients’ advocacy to support their own efforts encouraging their autonomy), and 4) to open such a medical care system to the public. The committee’s activity will be reported at the coming 16th Comprehensive Scientific Study Convention in October this year.
2) SYMPOSIUM “REGISTRATION OF IWAMI-GINZAN SILVER MINE TO THE WORLD HERITAGE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT”
The research committee of pollution and environment and Shimane branch held the above symposium on September 11 in Ohda City, Shimane Prefecture, with about 60 participants. The committee members organized an excursion to Iwami-Ginzan silver mine remains (in early 17th century, to rule the area has been lay fences, whose inside was called "Sakunouchi" extended 2.2 kilometers east and west and 2.5 kilometers north and south with an area of about 300 hectares) on September 10. They visited the remains of the mine facilities and the refinery that operated in the Age of Civil Wars and Edo period. In the symposium four reports were presented. The titles were as follows: “The mine remains in the world”, “The registration of Iwami-Ginzan silver mine to the world heritage”, “Iwami-Ginzan silver mine in the history of the Kumagai family”, “Proposal on the trust of Iwami-Ginzan silver mine”. Prof. Hata (Osaka City Univ.) introduced the status quo of the domestic mine remains and those in Germany and Sweden. Mr. Endo reported the recent situation in the registration process of Iwami-Ginzan silver mine which would be the first Japanese industrial remains in the world heritage list. Mr. Kobayashi explained the economic relationship between the roles of the Kumagai family as financial capitalists and Iwami-Ginzan silver mine. Mr. Tanaka pointed out that trust movement should be promoted for the preservation of historic spots and the community development. In the discussion it was pointed out that participation of local community and residents in the trust movement and establishment of a framework which enables nationwide people to take part in should be needed.
3) THE JSA “SUMMER SCHOOL” IN AUTUMN IN OKINAWA SUCCESSFULLY HELD
The JSA summer school was held in Okinawa, on November 3 to 6, 2005. Participants are 32 graduate students and young researchers whose specialties cover a variety of research fields. This school has been held every year to learn and discuss our real feature of society and roles of scientists in our society.
On the first day, participants had a lecture on the battle in Okinawa during the World War II and the problems on US bases in Okinawa by Mr. Aragaki (chair, Liaison Conference of Okinawa Unified Action). The lecture was arranged for a field trip to the US bases on the second day, which was guided by Prof. Kameyama (Ryukyu Univ.). The trip destination included the Okinawa International University, at which a US Army helicopter crash happened last year, and Henoko region where the reformation of US bases is planed. On the third day participants visited the so-called Himeyuri tower, which is a memory of many young students who worked as nurses and died during the war, Abuchira-Gama, a shelter used during the war, and the Peace Memorial Park. They also visited, guided by Prof. Yamaguchi (Ryukyu Univ.), a mangrove forest along Okukubi River and the Awase tidal land which is facing a crisis of a reclaim plan. Those demonstrate environmental problems in Okinawa. In the evening, a peace discussion meeting of students and researchers in Okinawa was held. An impressive report was released by under graduate students of Ryukyu University, entitled “Considering the way to inherit war experiences through the hearing to people who attended the Himeyuri team (team of nurses for army formed by young women students)”.
Another important event of the summer school, held in the first evening, is a poster session for study exchange which gives a good opportunity for young researchers to know research circumstances in a variety of field. On the forth day was held a gathering “Joys and sorrows, the life of graduate students”. Following reports by doctor course students and young researchers, participants discussed on difficulties, worries etc. in their own research activities.
This summer school was planned by the organizing committee which mainly consists of graduate students based on their own ideas. The success of the event owes to supports by many people including the JSA Okinawa branch members.
DISTRICTS AND
BRANCHES' ACTIVITIES
The JSA consisits of 47 branches which are grouped into
9 districts, and they are independently
and/or cooperatively carrying out
their activities in addition to the headquarters' ones
1) “OKINAWA PEACE ACTION 2005” ORGANIZED
The Okinawa branch organized some peace forums. It and its friendly organizations established the liaison congress “Okinawa Peace Action (OPA) 2005”. The year 2005 might be as the last year that the aged people born in war or prewar could convey their experiences to the following generation. The Okinawa people have been opposing the construction of sea base off Henoko for nine years, carrying campaign to rebuff concoction of Okinawa history, and tackling problems such as the Helicopter crash incident at the campus of Okinawa International University and the construction of military training facilities for urban fight. The OPA held two peace events for protecting the Constitution and evacuating military bases. On September 23, 2005, it organized a peace festival in Urazoe City, which was in unstable condition because of relocation of Naha naval port, where 700 participants viewed articles on exhibition and 100 attended the organized symposium. On November 2, the day the Constitution has been proclaimed, the OPA screened a film “The Glass Rabbit” and held a lecture meeting “We wish to protect the Constitution”, which the JSA Okinawa branch placed as a significant event for citizens for the Constitution Article 9 Forum. Just before that moment the constitutional amendment draft of the LDP and the report of the Japan-US Security Consultative Committee were propounded. The lecturers delivered impassioned speeches to 200 audiences including the participants of the JSA Summer School.
2) SYMPOSIUM “PROBLEMS OF NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE PROGRAM” HELD
The Aomori branch held the second study meeting in 2005 that treated the problem of nuclear power and nuclear fuel. The meeting aimed to get into perspective the spread of nuclear power plants around the Shimokita Peninsula in Aomori considering the circumstances of policy changeover as investigated in symposium “Nuclear fuel cycle program on the rocks” in 1992.
In his keynote speech “The future of nuclear fuel cycle policy”, from his standpoint of fiscal science, Dr. Shimizu (Fukushima branch) stressed to say that subsidy based on the laws of power source originally has not been established to aim at regional development and nuclear facilities bring only temporary location effect. Introducing Kashima City, Shimane Prefecture, which decided consolidation with neighbor municipalities though building a new nuclear power plants was close at hand, he pointed out that a few plants could never promote regional development, and it is problematic to charge the future to nuclear facilities to be possibly abolished according to the government measure, also claiming the Japanese people to reconsider such financial settlement for troublesome facilities problem.
Three reports on movements against nuclear problems developed in Mutsu City and Higashidori Village were given.
3) ON-SPOT INVESTIGATION OF JAPANESE AGRICULTURE
The study group Contemporary capitalism of Osaka branch organized the above trip. There are only a few reports investigating actual conditions of rural regions mainly located in mountainous and hilly areas far from urban cities. About 70 years ago, summarizing the exploration of various rural communities seized with an agricultural panic before the world war in Japan, Mr. Inomata wrote a book “Privations of rural communities” (Iwanami paperback). At that time, the people in the farm and mountain villages were undoubtedly in the depth of poverty. Those villages, however, were independent of urban cities and maintained their own production and life. But during the high growth of Japanese economy since the 1960s, all the works forth of those villages were mobilized for industry and construction works. On the other hand, the Government continuously adopted a policy that agriculture and forest products had been forced to depend on imported products from the USA and the other countries. As a result, it caused to drastically devastate Japanese agriculture and forest production that had formed the basis of livelihood for the village people into the condition that nobody have never experienced before the world war. The rural communities have been broken up and their livelihood is now forced to depend on urban cities.
One of the study group members visited around a rural area in Kochi Prefecture after an interval of twenty years in order to have an accurate grasp of the generalized arguments described above with his own eyes. In Ohtoyo Village located at the steeply sloping land in Shikoku Mountains, the population has decreased to one-fourth, from 22,000 to 5,700, over the last fifty years. The aging rate has reached the 48 % mark, the highest in Japan. At one time the flat lands in the area were well known as vegetable and fruits-producing center. But the shipment of Kochi Fruits Growers Cooperative Association has been decreasing year by year during past five years. In most towns and villages, nursery schools and schools have been progressively integrated or abolished. Further the low fertility, that is, the fall in the number of children and the aging, that is, the high ratio of elderly persons, are simultaneously progressing. Thus the Government has taken a drastic action to turn the back on the farm and mountain villages.
4) WE NEED STRATEGY AGAINST GLOBALIZATION
The Ishikawa branch held a regular meeting to study the background of globalization. The lecture is outlined in the following. “Privatization of postal services” was the issue of the House of Representatives election in September 2005. Most people think that the ruling party took many of seats partly because of the new discipline. That says, “Japan (or rather its pension system) fails by declining birthrate and a growing proportion of elderly people”, while another theory “Fiscal deficit badness theory”. This new discipline is wrong. A lot of people including liberal people, however, take the same standpoint as the Government and the ruling party in this respect, and hence they were not able to oppose the globalization strategy of the Neo-liberal people who pretend to be liberal according to the new discipline.
Long-term supply and demand roughly agree though economy repeats a short-term supply and demand discrepancy. A long-term amount of production of one country (= income) can be expressed by the following.
Production (income) Q = Labor Productivity y × Employment N
= Production Facility Productivity σ × Capital K
It is easy to see that the age population composition doesn’t appear as the determining factor of production and income. A basic factor of growth just enlarges productivity, employment, and capital amount. The growth rate of more than 65-year population during 2005-2050 is 0.77% on an average a year. Therefore, the problem will not be caused if economic growth advances in the same level. However, in the present Japan does not invest to make productivity or employment increase. Aging has not stagnated growth. Stagnation throws people including the youth out of work and a considerable number of persons are not able to start work (Neat and Parasite). The domestic investment decrease and the stagnation are directly caused by rapidly increased import and investment of Japanese enterprises to foreign countries e.g. China mainly (deindustrialization), and further “Deregulation” in every area and “Weak dollar”, namely “Globalization”. The speaker stressed that it is necessary to know the system conversion from the postwar system was caused from the end of 80’s. The strategy, the policy, and the movement that oppose the globalization are necessary.
5) THE 44TH REGULAR MEETING
The JSA Tokyo Musashino group (a chapter of the Tokyo branch organized by researchers working on communication technology) has held regular meetings in spring and autumn every year, in which members exchange their researches, discussing requirements in workplaces and topics on peace and science. The 44th meeting was held on 29 October 2005, where 13 members attended and five reports were presented: 1) The Wiretapping Authorization Law which was adopted five years ago. It covered problems on the communication related to people’s lives, and pointed out the Government’s aim to apply the law to control people. 2) A challenge to make a binary scale clock, which was an application of the reporter’s research at a young age. Members enjoyed the beautiful clock for which the reporter is seeking a patent. 3) Fuel cells for home as an energy problem. 4) The missile defense agency’s report. The reporter translated it into Japanese to provide a material for discussion on the reformation of the US-bases, after the 15th General Assembly of JSA in 2004. 5) The drafts of “declaration of scientists' rights” and “platform of scientists’ ethics” that are now in preparation by JSA committee on scientists’ rights. Useful comments to polish the draft were given by participants.
Participants have dinner after discussion, in which a report on the international conference to abolish A&H bombs was given. After the dinner some participants enjoyed the Igo game. The JSA this year will celebrate the 40th foundation anniversary, for this reason they wish to develop their activities.
6) A NEW MANAGER SECRETARY WELCOME
A new branch secretary Prof. Ujikawa (Yokohama Natl. Univ.) was invited to give a lecture concerning Chinese economy stressing the energy industry and environmental problems. China supports itself for energy necessary for Chinese economy, which mainly composes of coal, seeking more oil resource development in land and sea for further economic development. Coal reserves are sufficiently abundant to dig for 58 years provided the mineral amount 1.2 billion tons a year. However, there are problems such as difficulty of fund procurement for the resource development, the high cost transportation because resources are unevenly distributed in HuaBei, and environmental pollution caused by the coal consumption. Increase of demand of oil as a transportation fuel and a petrochemistry raw material has already changed China to the importing country since about 1993. As for water resources though it is abundant, 70% is biased to the southwest region and Tibet, and thus the long-distance electric transmission is difficult on account of its loss. For other alternatives natural gas and nuclear power can be thought. A network connecting Siberia, Sakhalin, and Japan is planned though the pipeline connecting Urumqi and ShangHai has been already built. The uranium reserves are of the amount that enables to generate 15 million KW for 30 years. China has an intension to scale up electricity production 4% in the nuclear power plant in 2020, 20% in 2035. But safety will become problematic.
ARTICLES OF
"JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SCIENTISTS"
The Journal of Japanese Scientists or NIHON
NO KAGAKUSHA (in Japanese) covering all the
scientific fields is monthly
published and distributed to all the members and other readers
Vol.40 (No.12)(2005)
[Title-page message]
Kawakatsu, H.: Einstein as ethics
[Article]
Obinata, S.: Signification and assignment of tri-nation modern history book, cowritten by members from Japan, China and South Korea
[Special issue: Robots and humankind]
Kinugasa, T.: What is “Robot”? – Humanoids, rescue robots etc. –
Yamada, Y.: Practical application of skill-assist and social technology issues on safety-technology requirements for service robots commercialization
Shibata, T.: Human interactive robot: Seal type mental commit robot, PARO
Shimizu, M.: Youngster and robot contest – Young people grows up with robot contest
[Essay]
Sakamoto, K.: What kind of science is physical oceanography?
[Frontier]
Sokawa, Y.: Big and hard questions in modern science
Kohase, M.: Serious spread of sexual transmitted diseases (STD) and sex-education bashing
Yamaura, Y.: Food safety related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) – from consumer’s Position
[From Laboratory]
Urano, H.: Non-authorized nurseries and consumption tax
[Opinion]
Tarao, M.: Problems of voting rights for Japanese citizens living abroad and a proposal for improvement
Vol.41 (No.1)(2006)
[Title-page message]
Nakajima, T.: A freedom of information-transparency-accountability and physical protection of nuclear materials
[Special issue: The crisis of Japanese private university and a view of solution]
Ichii, A.: The Japanese higher education policy with special emphasis on private university
Kashihara, M.: A state of private university students
Shigemoto, N.: The structure pathology of higher education policies in Japan: from international standard and comparison point of view
Imai, S.: The year 2006 problem concerning the Article in international covenant on human rights on “the Progressive Introduction of Free Higher Education”
[Essay]
Oishi, T.: Peaceful use of nuclear energy – In the case of a big science “Nuclear Fusion”
[Opinion]
Namai, H.: Thinking about a social responsibility of scientists and researchers, on the basis of a field experiment of GM Rice Cultivar with leaf mustard defensin gene
[Review]
Yokohata, Y.: Problem of the appearance of Japanese black bear and some discussions on the conservation of bears
Shimbo, A.: History education in China – focusing on after 1980’s –
Ujikawa, K.: Environmental problems in China: A few classifications of the problems
Vol.41 (No.2)(2006)
[Title-page message]
Kaneko, M.: A road to the fascism of Japan to be based on the regime of the Japan-US security treaty
[Special issue: Psychological processes and education in autistic children]
Okuzumi, H.: Children with autism and special support education
Akagi, K.: The development of self and communication in the people with autism
Beppu, S.: Understanding and guidance of children with high functional autism in the puberty
Kusunoki, H.: How to support the children of Asperger’s disorder who are in a regular class? – from the viewpoint of “peer support”
[Essay]
Yamazaki, F.: Movement against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs and denuclearization of Northeast Asia
[Review]
Kaji, M.: Mendeleev’s biographies
[Frontier]
Katoh, T.: BSE and livestock farmers
Imai, H.: Stellar evolution and cosmic water vapor masers
[Opinion]
Urata, I.: From “Renunciation of war” to “Security” – Interpretation of the LDP draft of the
Japanese constitution
[From Laboratory]
Terao, T.: Observation of the atmosphere over Bangladesh